The Passport Bureau is renamed the Bureau of Citizenship.The United States and Japanese governments exchange a series of diplomatic notes into early 1908 that constitute an informal agreement that the United States will not restrict Japanese immigration if the Japanese government agrees not to issue passports to laborers who want to work in the continental United States.1914Following the outbreak of war in Europe in November the State Department released an announcement stating that all citizens going abroad should carry passports.On November 13 a revised version of the Rules Governing Issuing of Passports requires all passport applications to be executed in front of court officials, thereby removing notary publics from the application process.1915An executive order of January 12 reduces the period of validity of a passport from two years to six months.Passport applications are changed to include the date and place of departure and the object of visit.Special identifying marks is added as a category in the physical description of the bearer.The Departments of State and Labor issue a Joint Order on July 26 to diplomatic, consular, and immigration offices.The Bureau of Citizenship is renamed the Division of Passport Control.In an executive order on August 8, President Wilson proclaims rules and regulations governing departure and entry into the United States through passports and visas.The State Department opens a passport agency in San Francisco.1919A Visa Division is created in the State Department.The period of validity of passports is increased from six months to two years.The League of Nations’ Organization for Communication and Transit holds a conference designed to remove or simplify the international passport requirements introduced by individual nations during the war.Passport agencies are opened in Chicago, Seattle, and New Orleans.The secretary of state rules that applicants have to provide a photograph, regardless of religious beliefs.Congress approves funding for a border patrol.1925The State Department changes its policy to allow a married woman the option of having a passport issued in her maiden name, followed by the phrase wife of.The Boston Passport Agency opens.1926The League of Nations holds its second passport conference.The Division of Passport Control is renamed the Passport Division.1928As part of a continuing effort to make the passport a more secure document, the State Department starts to use a machine that perforates a legend across the lower part of the photograph after it is attached to a passport.Infants must now have photographs on passports.The State Department rules that a photograph on a passport can be no older than two years.While several histories of the passport have emerged in recent years, most accept the fact that a passport could document identity.The Development of State Practices in the Modern World, ed.Valentin Groebner, Who Are You?Identification, Deception, and Surveillance in Early Modern Europe, trans.These developments, along with the passport, provide examples of logistical media that arrange people and property into time and space.Courier passports have also been issued to people going abroad as bearers of official dispatches.The State Department issued a specific identification document to seamen.The Development of State Practices in the Modern World, ed.It is in this sense that the passport needs to be understood as an identification document, not an identity document. The use of the former is intended to place explicit emphasis on the practice of identifying.This is done to make the argument that a document does not merely represent an identity; rather it produces a specific new identity unique to the logics and procedures of identification as a practice.This borrows from Michel Foucault’s idea of a regime.Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977, ed.Studies in Governmentality, ed.Groebner, Who Are You?